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[Music]

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hello and welcome to another episode of

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nasa science

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live my name is brie hill and i'm a

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public affairs specialist at nasa

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headquarters

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as well as your host for today's episode

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today is

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international asteroid day and here at

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nasa we're watching the skies

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24 7. and although today is dedicated to

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raise awareness about asteroids

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and what we're doing to protect the

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earth we also want to take a deeper look

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into how these rocky artifacts

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are the time capsules of our solar

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system

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asteroids are known as the geological

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remnants of the solar system

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and they can help us understand how life

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was formed here on earth

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today we are talking to nasa experts

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about

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everything asteroids like the upcoming

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sample return from

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a 4.5 billion year old asteroid named

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venue

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along with missions to the trojan

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asteroids

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a metal asteroid world and an upcoming

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test that will demonstrate

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a technique to change the orbit of an

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asteroid in space

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today i'm joined by danny dela justina

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a research scientist at the university

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of arizona

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and the acting deputy principal

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investigator for the osiris-rex

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mission along with dr terrick daly

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as senior scientist and deputy

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instrument scientist

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for the darp mission at the johns

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hopkins university

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applied physics laboratory thank you

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both for joining today

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thanks for having us bree happy to be

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here

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as you just heard nasa has a slew of

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exciting

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upcoming missions related to asteroids

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can you tell us danny why does

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nasa have so many spacecraft studying

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these objects

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aren't all asteroids the same

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that is a great question bree so no

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asteroids aren't all the same

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uh these objects are the leftovers of

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the formation of the planets

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and there are hundreds of thousands of

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these

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asteroids formed at varying distances

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from the sun

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they bear the fingerprints of distinct

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processes that took place across the

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solar system

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from its formation until now and so by

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studying different examples of asteroids

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we can learn quite a bit about the

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variety of things that have happened in

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our solar system's history

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wow now tarek do any of these asteroids

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we're studying have a potential hazard

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to earth

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well about a hundred tons of

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extraterrestrial material falls on the

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earth

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every day mostly as harmless dust and

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the occasional meteorite fragment more

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rarely earth does get hit by larger

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asteroids

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spacecraft

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wow well thank you so much danny and

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tarrick

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we'll be right back with our experts to

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answer a few more questions

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remember that you too can join the

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conversation and have your questions

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asked by answered by our guests using

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the hashtag

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ask nasa on social media or you can

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write in the comment box wherever you're

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watching the show today

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but first have you ever heard of the

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trojan asteroids

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nasa's lucy mission will launch later

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this year to visit

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several of these mysterious objects that

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share jupiter's orbit

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[Music]

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hi we're joined against by with danny

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and tarek

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we've talked we've heard a little bit

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about the trojan asteroids that the nasa

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lucy mission will explore but i

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understand there's another asteroid

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focused mission named psyche

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can you tell us more about it of course

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so

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the psyche mission is a journey to a

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metal world

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that sits between the orbits of mars and

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jupiter so for the very first time

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ever humanity will explore a world

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made not of rock or ice but of metal

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and this mission will give us a window

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into the metallic cores of planets which

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lie

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too deep beneath the surface to ever

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reach as well as tell us more about how

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the solar system formed

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and the psyche spacecraft is slated to

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launch in summer

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this is so cool now danny when we send

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these spacecraft out to study asteroids

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do they bring all the instruments with

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them

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can we ever bring samples back to earth

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that's a really good question bree and

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the answer is yes

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we can absolutely bring samples of

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asteroids back to earth for study

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so returning samples lets us study

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asteroid material in our laboratories

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with a lot more detail than we can

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gather from a spacecraft

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osiris-rex is nasa's first asteroid

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sample return mission

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and last year it grabbed a sample from

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the surface of asteroid bennu

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you can see how wild gathering that

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sample was in this clip

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the sample of bennu is going to be

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delivered back to earth in september

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of 2023 so we can further study it

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and additionally our colleagues with the

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japanese space agency jaxa just returned

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samples from asteroid ryugu last

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december

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so jaxa is sharing part of the sample of

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ryugu

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with nasa and our laboratories are

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preparing for that really exciting

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oh my gosh it is so cool that we can

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learn so much about our solar system by

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studying these objects

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tarik in order to study them we have to

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find them first

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how does nasa find and characterize

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these near-earth objects

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nasa uses powerful telescopes both on

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the ground

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and in space to find asteroids and once

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nasa finds an asteroid scientists

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calculate

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whether the orbit poses an impact hazard

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to earth

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scientists also make follow-up

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observations with other telescopes to

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figure out

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how big the asteroid is and what it's

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made of and all of this gets publicly

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posted

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on a website run by the center for near

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earth object studies

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at jpl jets propulsion laboratory so

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that people around the world can find

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out more

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now if we did find that hazardous

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hazardous asteroid what would we do

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about it

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well believe it or not as we speak nasa

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is developing technology to deflect an

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asteroid

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so that it would not hit the earth one

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option is to park a spacecraft next to

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the asteroid and use

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the gravitational pull of the spacecraft

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to slowly

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nudge the asteroid into a different

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orbit another option

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is to actually slam a spacecraft into

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the asteroid and change its orbit that

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way

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nasa will soon launch a mission called

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dart to test

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that particular technology by developing

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this technology now

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we'll be ready to deal with an asteroid

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okay so tarek just mentioned a mission

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to change an asteroid's orbit

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it sounds like science fiction that nasa

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is going to crash

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a spacecraft into an asteroid but let's

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is nasa really crashing a spacecraft

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yes nasa really is crashing a spacecraft

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into an asteroid

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that spacecraft is dart the double

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asteroid redirection test

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now asteroids hit the earth all of the

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time luckily the ones that are big

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enough to cause widespread damage are

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pretty rare

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and none are expected in the near future

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nasa and others are actively tracking

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asteroids

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but also we haven't found all of them

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yet

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so it makes sense to do this first test

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to demonstrate if we needed to protect

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the earth what might we do

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and we should do this test before we

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need it that's where dart comes in

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dart is a spacecraft that's about the

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size of a vending machine and it has

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really long solar arrays that stick out

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and it's gonna be traveling really fast

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about 15 000 miles per hour

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and it's gonna slam into this target

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asteroid that's about the size of the

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great pyramid

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so slamming this smaller spacecraft into

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this larger asteroid isn't going to

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destroy it

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but it will deflect it it's going to

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give it a small little nudge

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and that will ever so slightly change

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that asteroid's future

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path if you wanted to do this you would

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want to do it years in advance

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such that the asteroid and the earth

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weren't on a collision course

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in the future so is nasa crashing a

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spacecraft into an asteroid

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yes nasa really is in the name of

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planetary defense

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okay everyone i see we have so many

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questions coming in from our online

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viewers

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remember that it is not too late to ask

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your questions just use

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ask nasa or drop your question in the

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comment box wherever you're viewing

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our first question is from chandramani

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on twitter and they ask why do asteroids

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float in space

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tarek would you like to answer that one

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sure

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so asteroids are actually orbiting the

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sun so the gravitational pull of the sun

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is the

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gravitational giant in our solar system

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and the asteroids are orbiting the sun

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in the same way that the earth is

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orbiting the sun but in a different

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location

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okay so i have a new question this one

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is from rosebud on youtube

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they ask will 2021 pdc

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hit earth i'm scared tarik

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i understand that this is not a real

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asteroid

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but was this name of the simulated

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asteroid used at this year's

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international planetary defense

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conference can you tell us more about

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that exercise

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yes so as you just pointed out 2021 pdc

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is a fictional asteroid every couple of

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years

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the international community comes

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together to

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discuss how to respond if there were an

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asteroid that posed a hazard to earth

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and then this year there was a virtual

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meeting

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back in april where there was an

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exercise with this

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fake asteroid 2021 pdc and

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decision makers and scientists from

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around the world worked together

291
00:13:04,710 --> 00:13:04,320
to practice and exercise what we would

292
00:13:07,110 --> 00:13:04,720
do

293
00:13:08,550 --> 00:13:07,120
in the event of such an asteroid threat

294
00:13:11,190 --> 00:13:08,560
and you can actually tell that's a fake

295
00:13:13,350 --> 00:13:11,200
asteroid because its name and number

296
00:13:15,509 --> 00:13:13,360
don't match the system that we use for

297
00:13:18,629 --> 00:13:15,519
real asteroids

298
00:13:21,190 --> 00:13:18,639
all right well chase on twitter asks

299
00:13:22,470 --> 00:13:21,200
what are our planetary defenses against

300
00:13:23,990 --> 00:13:22,480
asteroids

301
00:13:26,069 --> 00:13:24,000
danny would you like to talk about that

302
00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:26,079
one sure

303
00:13:29,430 --> 00:13:28,160
i'd be happy to build on what tarik said

304
00:13:31,670 --> 00:13:29,440
earlier so there

305
00:13:33,509 --> 00:13:31,680
is a couple of different ways that we

306
00:13:36,150 --> 00:13:33,519
are guarding our planet

307
00:13:37,350 --> 00:13:36,160
one of the biggest ways is just keeping

308
00:13:40,069 --> 00:13:37,360
our eyes out

309
00:13:41,910 --> 00:13:40,079
on the sky and searching for asteroids

310
00:13:44,550 --> 00:13:41,920
that we haven't yet discovered

311
00:13:45,910 --> 00:13:44,560
so there is a number of near-earth

312
00:13:48,310 --> 00:13:45,920
object surveys

313
00:13:50,150 --> 00:13:48,320
and they are doing this full time around

314
00:13:51,829 --> 00:13:50,160
the clock at different locations

315
00:13:53,990 --> 00:13:51,839
on our planet so they get slightly

316
00:13:56,629 --> 00:13:54,000
different looks at the sky

317
00:13:57,990 --> 00:13:56,639
other potential ways that we would

318
00:14:01,110 --> 00:13:58,000
mitigate against

319
00:14:01,430 --> 00:14:01,120
any sort of asteroid hazard include you

320
00:14:04,389 --> 00:14:01,440
know

321
00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:04,399
testing some of the technologies that uh

322
00:14:07,990 --> 00:14:06,000
tarek discussed earlier

323
00:14:09,350 --> 00:14:08,000
using things like gravity tractors to

324
00:14:12,069 --> 00:14:09,360
kind of slowly change

325
00:14:12,550 --> 00:14:12,079
the um the path of these asteroids in

326
00:14:14,949 --> 00:14:12,560
space

327
00:14:15,990 --> 00:14:14,959
as well as impacting them and

328
00:14:18,389 --> 00:14:16,000
potentially nudging

329
00:14:19,750 --> 00:14:18,399
their paths in space like the dart

330
00:14:22,949 --> 00:14:19,760
mission will do

331
00:14:25,990 --> 00:14:24,949
okay well i hope that answers your

332
00:14:29,509 --> 00:14:26,000
question

333
00:14:32,870 --> 00:14:29,519
facebook

334
00:14:36,230 --> 00:14:32,880
and they ask how do you know that they

335
00:14:40,069 --> 00:14:36,240
are really that old danny can you share

336
00:14:42,870 --> 00:14:40,079
some insight on how old asteroids are

337
00:14:43,990 --> 00:14:42,880
yeah absolutely so we have a couple of

338
00:14:46,710 --> 00:14:44,000
different pieces of

339
00:14:48,470 --> 00:14:46,720
information that allow us to draw that

340
00:14:50,949 --> 00:14:48,480
conclusion

341
00:14:51,829 --> 00:14:50,959
one of the biggest sources of

342
00:14:54,310 --> 00:14:51,839
information

343
00:14:55,670 --> 00:14:54,320
about asteroids are actually meteorites

344
00:14:58,949 --> 00:14:55,680
that we get

345
00:15:00,150 --> 00:14:58,959
delivered to earth through just natural

346
00:15:03,110 --> 00:15:00,160
impacts

347
00:15:04,150 --> 00:15:03,120
every year and so we have a large number

348
00:15:06,710 --> 00:15:04,160
of meteorites

349
00:15:09,910 --> 00:15:06,720
in our collections across the world and

350
00:15:12,629 --> 00:15:09,920
we can use those samples to do

351
00:15:13,269 --> 00:15:12,639
age dating and figure out exactly how

352
00:15:15,030 --> 00:15:13,279
old

353
00:15:17,110 --> 00:15:15,040
some of these samples are and and when

354
00:15:17,670 --> 00:15:17,120
they formed and that has given us

355
00:15:20,870 --> 00:15:17,680
insight

356
00:15:23,509 --> 00:15:20,880
into the fact that you know many uh

357
00:15:24,230 --> 00:15:23,519
many of our meteorites uh really were

358
00:15:26,389 --> 00:15:24,240
were born

359
00:15:29,350 --> 00:15:26,399
shortly after the formation of our solar

360
00:15:33,110 --> 00:15:31,189
i have another question for you this one

361
00:15:36,310 --> 00:15:33,120
is from nick georgiou

362
00:15:39,350 --> 00:15:36,320
on youtube and they ask will an asteroid

363
00:15:41,430 --> 00:15:39,360
ever hit earth and when and will it be

364
00:15:44,230 --> 00:15:41,440
in this lifetime

365
00:15:45,189 --> 00:15:44,240
who'd like to answer that one i can take

366
00:15:47,509 --> 00:15:45,199
that one

367
00:15:48,710 --> 00:15:47,519
so the first thing to say is there are

368
00:15:51,110 --> 00:15:48,720
no known

369
00:15:52,470 --> 00:15:51,120
asteroid impact threats for the next

370
00:15:55,350 --> 00:15:52,480
hundred years

371
00:15:56,550 --> 00:15:55,360
so that's the first thing um we do have

372
00:15:58,949 --> 00:15:56,560
asteroids that are

373
00:16:00,790 --> 00:15:58,959
smaller say like about a few meters

374
00:16:02,710 --> 00:16:00,800
maybe like 12 feet across

375
00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:02,720
and those hit maybe once a year but they

376
00:16:05,910 --> 00:16:04,240
break up in the atmosphere and don't

377
00:16:09,030 --> 00:16:05,920
cause a lot of damage

378
00:16:11,189 --> 00:16:09,040
um as danny mentioned our first defense

379
00:16:12,550 --> 00:16:11,199
is to find the asteroids and right now

380
00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:12,560
we have we know about

381
00:16:16,790 --> 00:16:14,959
40 or 50 of the asteroids that might

382
00:16:20,629 --> 00:16:16,800
cause like a regional

383
00:16:22,629 --> 00:16:20,639
um regional damage and so nasa is

384
00:16:23,910 --> 00:16:22,639
working really hard to find the rest of

385
00:16:25,430 --> 00:16:23,920
those asteroids

386
00:16:27,030 --> 00:16:25,440
because once we know where they are

387
00:16:32,550 --> 00:16:27,040
we'll be able to know

388
00:16:36,550 --> 00:16:35,189
okay so i have another question from

389
00:16:39,590 --> 00:16:36,560
youtube this is from

390
00:16:41,670 --> 00:16:39,600
radeon av they would like to know do

391
00:16:42,310 --> 00:16:41,680
asteroids have their own gravitational

392
00:16:45,110 --> 00:16:42,320
fields

393
00:16:47,110 --> 00:16:45,120
danny would you be able to answer that

394
00:16:49,990 --> 00:16:47,120
yes i'd be happy to answer that

395
00:16:52,230 --> 00:16:50,000
uh and and the answer is yes asteroids

396
00:16:52,710 --> 00:16:52,240
do have their own small gravitational

397
00:16:55,749 --> 00:16:52,720
fields

398
00:16:56,310 --> 00:16:55,759
they are much weaker than earth's um so

399
00:17:00,150 --> 00:16:56,320
we're

400
00:17:03,749 --> 00:17:00,160
often more like microgravity

401
00:17:04,390 --> 00:17:03,759
um when we look at asteroids like bennu

402
00:17:07,510 --> 00:17:04,400
and

403
00:17:09,350 --> 00:17:07,520
so they they have a very weak pull um

404
00:17:10,789 --> 00:17:09,360
compared to the larger planets in our

405
00:17:13,350 --> 00:17:10,799
solar system but

406
00:17:13,909 --> 00:17:13,360
even they might have really small moons

407
00:17:15,669 --> 00:17:13,919
um

408
00:17:17,429 --> 00:17:15,679
in the case of bennu we saw many

409
00:17:18,870 --> 00:17:17,439
particles just a couple centimeters

410
00:17:20,630 --> 00:17:18,880
across

411
00:17:22,150 --> 00:17:20,640
orbiting around it in its weak

412
00:17:25,189 --> 00:17:22,160
gravitational field

413
00:17:27,350 --> 00:17:25,199
it's a great question steve

414
00:17:29,830 --> 00:17:27,360
johnson on youtube asked will we

415
00:17:32,630 --> 00:17:29,840
potentially be able to use the materials

416
00:17:37,830 --> 00:17:32,640
found on asteroids as refueling stations

417
00:17:44,070 --> 00:17:41,750
you want to take that one tarik sure so

418
00:17:45,029 --> 00:17:44,080
we will talk a lot about what we call

419
00:17:47,350 --> 00:17:45,039
isr uber

420
00:17:48,390 --> 00:17:47,360
in situ resource utilization which is

421
00:17:51,590 --> 00:17:48,400
using things on

422
00:17:54,470 --> 00:17:51,600
asteroids or on the moon for example

423
00:17:56,230 --> 00:17:54,480
to get resources like water or other

424
00:17:57,909 --> 00:17:56,240
things for astronauts or space

425
00:17:59,909 --> 00:17:57,919
exploration

426
00:18:01,510 --> 00:17:59,919
agencies to use so it's an area of

427
00:18:03,350 --> 00:18:01,520
active work where people

428
00:18:05,430 --> 00:18:03,360
are thinking about how to utilize

429
00:18:07,830 --> 00:18:05,440
resources out there in space

430
00:18:08,789 --> 00:18:07,840
but that i think is more of a long-term

431
00:18:10,150 --> 00:18:08,799
uh study

432
00:18:12,470 --> 00:18:10,160
rather than something that we can do

433
00:18:16,470 --> 00:18:12,480
right now

434
00:18:19,270 --> 00:18:16,480
coming in from

435
00:18:20,710 --> 00:18:19,280
space live on youtube and they ask if

436
00:18:23,990 --> 00:18:20,720
there is a difference between

437
00:18:27,350 --> 00:18:24,000
asteroids meteor meteorites and comets

438
00:18:30,390 --> 00:18:27,360
and if so what are they

439
00:18:31,669 --> 00:18:30,400
danny would you like to yes yeah i'd be

440
00:18:34,710 --> 00:18:31,679
happy to answer that

441
00:18:36,950 --> 00:18:34,720
so um there is a little bit of a a

442
00:18:38,710 --> 00:18:36,960
continuum between what we think of as

443
00:18:42,070 --> 00:18:38,720
asteroids and comets but

444
00:18:44,230 --> 00:18:42,080
typically asteroids are composed of more

445
00:18:45,350 --> 00:18:44,240
rocky materials and comets which

446
00:18:47,430 --> 00:18:45,360
originate

447
00:18:48,390 --> 00:18:47,440
further out in the solar system are

448
00:18:51,590 --> 00:18:48,400
composed of

449
00:18:53,590 --> 00:18:51,600
uh different ices um but there's some

450
00:18:55,110 --> 00:18:53,600
asteroids that have a little bit of icy

451
00:18:58,870 --> 00:18:55,120
material and and

452
00:19:00,230 --> 00:18:58,880
vice versa with comets and then as far

453
00:19:03,750 --> 00:19:00,240
as meteorites go

454
00:19:05,830 --> 00:19:03,760
meteorites are the material that have

455
00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:05,840
from other planetary objects that have

456
00:19:11,430 --> 00:19:07,760
collected on our planet

457
00:19:12,950 --> 00:19:11,440
and so we have a lot of meteorites from

458
00:19:15,430 --> 00:19:12,960
asteroids but we also have some

459
00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:15,440
meteorites from the moon and even mars

460
00:19:18,470 --> 00:19:16,880
and so meteorites again just kind of

461
00:19:20,549 --> 00:19:18,480
refer to material from

462
00:19:21,590 --> 00:19:20,559
other planetary objects that originated

463
00:19:24,150 --> 00:19:21,600
elsewhere that has

464
00:19:26,710 --> 00:19:24,160
landed on our planet through the course

465
00:19:29,350 --> 00:19:26,720
of earth's history

466
00:19:30,950 --> 00:19:29,360
wow um i have a question from youtube

467
00:19:35,350 --> 00:19:30,960
and it's from rafam

468
00:19:36,830 --> 00:19:35,360
567 and it asks what is the most strange

469
00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:36,840
asteroid that has been

470
00:19:43,909 --> 00:19:43,350
i think that is a subjective question

471
00:19:45,590 --> 00:19:43,919
and so

472
00:19:47,270 --> 00:19:45,600
tarek would probably give a different

473
00:19:50,950 --> 00:19:47,280
answer than

474
00:19:53,270 --> 00:19:50,960
uh than i would um i think some of the

475
00:19:56,070 --> 00:19:53,280
coolest asteroids that we have

476
00:19:57,990 --> 00:19:56,080
observed are asteroids in the outer

477
00:20:00,789 --> 00:19:58,000
asteroid belt that are part of

478
00:20:02,950 --> 00:20:00,799
the themis family and these are i

479
00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:02,960
alluded to earlier there's these objects

480
00:20:05,430 --> 00:20:03,679
uh

481
00:20:06,710 --> 00:20:05,440
asteroids and comets are a little bit of

482
00:20:09,669 --> 00:20:06,720
a continuum

483
00:20:12,230 --> 00:20:09,679
so there's some asteroids that display

484
00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:12,240
cometary activity every once in a while

485
00:20:17,510 --> 00:20:15,280
meaning they they show um tails and

486
00:20:18,549 --> 00:20:17,520
like they're um kind of off-gassing

487
00:20:21,270 --> 00:20:18,559
material

488
00:20:22,149 --> 00:20:21,280
and i think those are really strange and

489
00:20:25,590 --> 00:20:22,159
fascinating

490
00:20:28,950 --> 00:20:25,600
objects what we call active asteroids

491
00:20:31,430 --> 00:20:28,960
tarek what do you think honestly

492
00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:31,440
i think it's whatever asteroid we have

493
00:20:35,830 --> 00:20:33,200
most recently visited

494
00:20:38,310 --> 00:20:35,840
because every aspect right they're

495
00:20:40,710 --> 00:20:38,320
thinking about like osiris-rex right

496
00:20:42,950 --> 00:20:40,720
so we touched this asteroid and it

497
00:20:43,830 --> 00:20:42,960
behaved in a totally bizarre way right

498
00:20:45,909 --> 00:20:43,840
the whole surface

499
00:20:48,390 --> 00:20:45,919
moved away and the spacecraft kept going

500
00:20:50,310 --> 00:20:48,400
inward totally surprising people

501
00:20:51,750 --> 00:20:50,320
in terms of their expectations of how

502
00:20:54,149 --> 00:20:51,760
the asteroid would behave

503
00:20:55,110 --> 00:20:54,159
so every time we study a new asteroid we

504
00:20:57,350 --> 00:20:55,120
get surprised

505
00:21:00,830 --> 00:20:57,360
and i find the most recent surprise the

506
00:21:06,390 --> 00:21:02,710
interesting

507
00:21:10,230 --> 00:21:06,400
nice so i have a question from

508
00:21:13,590 --> 00:21:10,240
nick grugu on youtube and they asked

509
00:21:16,870 --> 00:21:13,600
nasa said that adoptis won't hit earth

510
00:21:20,149 --> 00:21:16,880
in 100 years does this mean

511
00:21:24,470 --> 00:21:20,159
in 100 years it will hit or does it mean

512
00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:24,480
something else so i can take that one so

513
00:21:28,149 --> 00:21:26,720
the asteroid apophis which was what was

514
00:21:31,350 --> 00:21:28,159
referenced

515
00:21:33,190 --> 00:21:31,360
is an asteroid that in 2029

516
00:21:35,430 --> 00:21:33,200
will make a close approach to earth it

517
00:21:37,190 --> 00:21:35,440
will not hit the earth in 2029 or

518
00:21:39,430 --> 00:21:37,200
anytime in the next hundred years

519
00:21:41,909 --> 00:21:39,440
um in that really close approach to

520
00:21:43,190 --> 00:21:41,919
earth the orbit of apophis and its spin

521
00:21:45,190 --> 00:21:43,200
state and rotation

522
00:21:47,029 --> 00:21:45,200
will change and so that makes it

523
00:21:48,470 --> 00:21:47,039
challenging to predict what will happen

524
00:21:50,789 --> 00:21:48,480
really far in the future

525
00:21:51,990 --> 00:21:50,799
but um we know it's not going to hit for

526
00:21:53,830 --> 00:21:52,000
100 years

527
00:21:56,310 --> 00:21:53,840
there's we're not saying it will hit in

528
00:21:57,029 --> 00:21:56,320
100 years but we'll continue to study

529
00:21:59,510 --> 00:21:57,039
apophis

530
00:22:01,110 --> 00:21:59,520
and measure its orbit and monitor it so

531
00:22:03,750 --> 00:22:01,120
that we understand

532
00:22:05,510 --> 00:22:03,760
uh the hazard that it poses but to

533
00:22:08,230 --> 00:22:05,520
answer that question in short

534
00:22:08,630 --> 00:22:08,240
nasa is not saying it will impact in 100

535
00:22:10,710 --> 00:22:08,640
years

536
00:22:12,470 --> 00:22:10,720
it's just saying we know it a hundred

537
00:22:14,789 --> 00:22:12,480
years into the future and we'll continue

538
00:22:16,149 --> 00:22:14,799
to monitor it

539
00:22:20,149 --> 00:22:16,159
there's some really good questions

540
00:22:22,710 --> 00:22:20,159
coming from youtube we have marcomai2010

541
00:22:24,830 --> 00:22:22,720
who asks why aren't the dark solar

542
00:22:27,110 --> 00:22:24,840
panels

543
00:22:29,909 --> 00:22:27,120
symmetrical

544
00:22:30,630 --> 00:22:29,919
okay so i can take the dart one um dart

545
00:22:32,789 --> 00:22:30,640
is

546
00:22:35,110 --> 00:22:32,799
actually a brand new technology called

547
00:22:37,190 --> 00:22:35,120
roll out solar arrays so think of like

548
00:22:39,270 --> 00:22:37,200
paper towels on a roll

549
00:22:41,029 --> 00:22:39,280
um and so the big solar panels you see

550
00:22:41,430 --> 00:22:41,039
extended out they're like school bus

551
00:22:43,510 --> 00:22:41,440
size

552
00:22:45,110 --> 00:22:43,520
actually on the spacecraft right now are

553
00:22:46,870 --> 00:22:45,120
wrapped up like around a paper towel

554
00:22:48,230 --> 00:22:46,880
tube well it's not a paper towel too but

555
00:22:49,750 --> 00:22:48,240
that kind of an idea

556
00:22:51,510 --> 00:22:49,760
and so when the spacecraft launches it

557
00:22:53,350 --> 00:22:51,520
deploys and that's just the way they

558
00:22:55,270 --> 00:22:53,360
were able to fit on the spacecraft

559
00:22:56,549 --> 00:22:55,280
they've referred to it to accommodation

560
00:22:59,110 --> 00:22:56,559
you've got to fit a lot of stuff on the

561
00:23:00,789 --> 00:22:59,120
spacecraft in a really small space

562
00:23:02,470 --> 00:23:00,799
and that's what benefited the design the

563
00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:02,480
most but these solar arrays

564
00:23:05,590 --> 00:23:04,720
are brand new technology being tested

565
00:23:09,110 --> 00:23:05,600
for the first time

566
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:09,120
on dart

567
00:23:14,870 --> 00:23:12,000
tala on facebook asked how many

568
00:23:16,789 --> 00:23:14,880
asteroids are there in our solar system

569
00:23:19,909 --> 00:23:16,799
and what are they doing are they helping

570
00:23:23,029 --> 00:23:21,510
i can take that one so there are

571
00:23:25,430 --> 00:23:23,039
hundreds of thousands

572
00:23:26,149 --> 00:23:25,440
of asteroids in the solar system that we

573
00:23:28,710 --> 00:23:26,159
know about

574
00:23:29,510 --> 00:23:28,720
and there are probably even more that we

575
00:23:33,029 --> 00:23:29,520
just haven't

576
00:23:37,029 --> 00:23:33,039
yet observed with uh our telescopes

577
00:23:39,029 --> 00:23:37,039
um and so they are

578
00:23:40,950 --> 00:23:39,039
as far as uh what they're doing most of

579
00:23:44,230 --> 00:23:40,960
them are just orbiting around the sun

580
00:23:47,990 --> 00:23:44,240
um and and sitting there waiting to be

581
00:23:51,029 --> 00:23:48,000
um observed and um examined by

582
00:23:52,470 --> 00:23:51,039
various telescopes usually with

583
00:23:55,269 --> 00:23:52,480
with instruments that give us some

584
00:23:57,190 --> 00:23:55,279
information about their composition

585
00:23:59,430 --> 00:23:57,200
and help us understand how they relate

586
00:24:01,750 --> 00:23:59,440
to other asteroids

587
00:24:02,950 --> 00:24:01,760
some asteroids like i mentioned earlier

588
00:24:05,029 --> 00:24:02,960
are what we call

589
00:24:06,390 --> 00:24:05,039
active so they do have some sort of

590
00:24:09,190 --> 00:24:06,400
activity um

591
00:24:09,590 --> 00:24:09,200
that's that's occurring on their surface

592
00:24:11,430 --> 00:24:09,600
but

593
00:24:13,029 --> 00:24:11,440
a lot of them like the other planets in

594
00:24:16,950 --> 00:24:13,039
our solar system are just

595
00:24:21,350 --> 00:24:19,909
i have one last question and it's for me

596
00:24:22,630 --> 00:24:21,360
maybe both of you could answer if we

597
00:24:24,549 --> 00:24:22,640
have a few moments

598
00:24:26,710 --> 00:24:24,559
what advice would you have for viewers

599
00:24:31,110 --> 00:24:26,720
who want to pursue a career similar to

600
00:24:35,029 --> 00:24:33,430
yeah so i i would be happy to answer at

601
00:24:38,230 --> 00:24:35,039
least from my perspective

602
00:24:41,110 --> 00:24:38,240
um so i would say you know you study

603
00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:41,120
in if if you go to college um i would

604
00:24:44,230 --> 00:24:42,080
recommend that

605
00:24:45,990 --> 00:24:44,240
uh study something that relates to

606
00:24:49,110 --> 00:24:46,000
understanding the physical world

607
00:24:50,870 --> 00:24:49,120
around us so you know people think of

608
00:24:51,269 --> 00:24:50,880
math and physics and engineering but

609
00:24:55,269 --> 00:24:51,279
also

610
00:24:57,269 --> 00:24:55,279
subjects like geology and even biology

611
00:24:59,590 --> 00:24:57,279
in especially because it has many

612
00:25:00,710 --> 00:24:59,600
applications to astrobiology are great

613
00:25:02,310 --> 00:25:00,720
things to just begin

614
00:25:04,310 --> 00:25:02,320
understanding the world around you and

615
00:25:04,870 --> 00:25:04,320
questioning why are things the way they

616
00:25:07,110 --> 00:25:04,880
are

617
00:25:09,029 --> 00:25:07,120
and how did they get this way what do

618
00:25:11,830 --> 00:25:09,039
you think tarek

619
00:25:12,630 --> 00:25:11,840
i think yes to everything you said and

620
00:25:14,710 --> 00:25:12,640
then also

621
00:25:15,990 --> 00:25:14,720
applying looking for opportunities to

622
00:25:19,190 --> 00:25:16,000
get your hands dirty so

623
00:25:20,230 --> 00:25:19,200
internships are a really great way to

624
00:25:22,390 --> 00:25:20,240
build experience

625
00:25:24,070 --> 00:25:22,400
that looks good on a resume so while

626
00:25:25,269 --> 00:25:24,080
you're pursuing that important technical

627
00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:25,279
education

628
00:25:30,230 --> 00:25:28,000
be bold and ask people for opportunities

629
00:25:31,269 --> 00:25:30,240
to do work to do research so that you

630
00:25:33,190 --> 00:25:31,279
can get that

631
00:25:35,269 --> 00:25:33,200
work experience and internship

632
00:25:37,350 --> 00:25:35,279
experience along with that formal

633
00:25:39,110 --> 00:25:37,360
education

634
00:25:41,029 --> 00:25:39,120
thank you both for that answer to that

635
00:25:42,390 --> 00:25:41,039
question and unfortunately that's all

636
00:25:44,230 --> 00:25:42,400
the time we have

637
00:25:46,789 --> 00:25:44,240
thank you so much danny and tarik for

638
00:25:49,909 --> 00:25:46,799
joining us today

639
00:25:52,549 --> 00:25:49,919
thank you bri thanks for having us yes

640
00:25:55,110 --> 00:25:52,559
it's been fun thank you

641
00:25:56,230 --> 00:25:55,120
thank you and thank you all for joining

642
00:25:58,230 --> 00:25:56,240
us from home

643
00:26:00,230 --> 00:25:58,240
to keep updated about any of the

644
00:26:00,870 --> 00:26:00,240
exciting missions mentioned on today's

645
00:26:03,990 --> 00:26:00,880
show

646
00:26:06,870 --> 00:26:04,000
be sure to follow nasa solar system

647
00:26:08,870 --> 00:26:06,880
on facebook twitter and instagram to

648
00:26:09,430 --> 00:26:08,880
learn more about nasa's planetary

649
00:26:13,110 --> 00:26:09,440
defense

650
00:26:15,190 --> 00:26:13,120
efforts follow asteroid watch on twitter

651
00:26:16,789 --> 00:26:15,200
and to learn more about how nasa is

652
00:26:23,430 --> 00:26:16,799
studying our solar system

653
00:26:26,549 --> 00:26:24,390
we solarsystem.nasa.gov so happy you

654
00:26:27,190 --> 00:26:26,559
could join us today but before we end

655
00:26:29,430 --> 00:26:27,200
our show

656
00:26:30,230 --> 00:26:29,440
we have a very special special message

657
00:26:33,269 --> 00:26:30,240
from nasa

658
00:26:37,990 --> 00:26:33,279
newest administrator bill nelson

659
00:26:41,510 --> 00:26:38,000
until next time happy asteroid day

660
00:26:44,070 --> 00:26:41,520
hi i'm bill nelson i have the privilege

661
00:26:45,830 --> 00:26:44,080
of heading up nasa and i want to thank

662
00:26:49,350 --> 00:26:45,840
you for joining us on

663
00:26:52,230 --> 00:26:49,360
international asteroid day

664
00:26:53,669 --> 00:26:52,240
and every day for us at nasa is an

665
00:26:56,230 --> 00:26:53,679
asteroid day

666
00:26:57,029 --> 00:26:56,240
because we have these missions that are

667
00:27:00,870 --> 00:26:57,039
exploring

668
00:27:02,470 --> 00:27:00,880
for asteroids all the time

669
00:27:05,029 --> 00:27:02,480
as a matter of fact nasa and our

670
00:27:08,549 --> 00:27:05,039
partners are watching the skies

671
00:27:12,070 --> 00:27:08,559
24 7 365 and

672
00:27:16,070 --> 00:27:12,080
using ground-based telescopes

673
00:27:19,269 --> 00:27:16,080
we've already found 26 000

674
00:27:22,870 --> 00:27:19,279
near-earth asteroids

675
00:27:25,510 --> 00:27:22,880
but there's so many more to be found

676
00:27:28,070 --> 00:27:25,520
so today we announced the extension of

677
00:27:31,990 --> 00:27:28,080
nasa's neo-wise

678
00:27:35,110 --> 00:27:32,000
it's a space-based observatory

679
00:27:39,269 --> 00:27:35,120
that's going to help us find even more

680
00:27:40,549 --> 00:27:39,279
of these objects and work on nasa's

681
00:27:43,350 --> 00:27:40,559
first

682
00:27:45,430 --> 00:27:43,360
space based telescope that is

683
00:27:49,110 --> 00:27:45,440
specifically designed

684
00:27:53,909 --> 00:27:49,120
to find asteroids called neo

685
00:27:55,830 --> 00:27:53,919
surveyor it's currently underway

686
00:27:57,269 --> 00:27:55,840
we're also looking forward to the launch

687
00:28:00,470 --> 00:27:57,279
of dart

688
00:28:03,110 --> 00:28:00,480
it's our first planetary defense

689
00:28:04,389 --> 00:28:03,120
test mission that's going to go later

690
00:28:07,190 --> 00:28:04,399
this year

691
00:28:08,389 --> 00:28:07,200
thank you for watching today's episode

692
00:28:11,430 --> 00:28:08,399
of nasa

693
00:28:12,310 --> 00:28:11,440
science live you can be assured that

694
00:28:16,910 --> 00:28:12,320
nasa

695
00:28:21,250 --> 00:28:16,920
is always looking up

696
00:28:42,830 --> 00:28:21,260
[Music]

697
00:28:42,840 --> 00:28:47,390
so